Guide to Driving in Georgia - 2025 Tourist Road Trip Guide

Driving in Georgia is an adventure that offers you freedom and flexibility. From mountain passes to city highways and coastal rides, having your own car lets you explore this beautiful country on your own terms. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything a tourist needs to know about driving in Georgia – including road conditions, traffic rules, licensing, car rental tips, insurance, common challenges, and much more. Whether you’re planning a road trip in Georgia or just curious about Tbilisi driving tips, read on for an in-depth look at what to expect and how to prepare for a safe and enjoyable journey.

Why Drive in Georgia? Freedom, Flexibility & Adventure

Driving in Georgia gives you the freedom to discover all the hidden gems at your own pace. While Georgia has decent public transport, it could be quite unpredictable and uncomfortable. Even though we suggest giving the ‘marshrutka’ (minibus) a try,  it’s an experience in itself, nothing beats the flexibility of a rental car for reaching remote villages, mountain viewpoints, hiking trails and quaint countryside spots that buses don’t reach. By driving, you can create your own itinerary and make spontaneous stops – whether it’s a roadside marani (vineyard) or a scenic overlook. No more relying on schedules or tour groups; with a car you decide when and where to go each day. 2025 Update: Marshrutkas are now only permitted to operate on routes up to 150km. For longer distances, only buses and trains are allowed.

There are major advantages to having your own vehicle in Georgia:

• Access to Off-Beaten-Path Locations: So much of what makes Georgia special lies off the main highways. A car lets you venture to small mountain hamlets, remote monasteries, rural homestays, and natural wonders that would be hard to visit otherwise. For example, you can drive into regions like Racha or Guria, or take detours to scenic lakes and waterfalls at will.
• Travel on Your Own Schedule: Public transport in Georgia can be slow or infrequent. With your own car, you set the schedule. Start early to catch a sunrise, linger longer at a site you love, and fit more into each day than you could by waiting for buses. You won’t be at the mercy of marshrutka departure times or surprise cancellations.
• More Comfort & Control: Self-driving can actually feel safer and more comfortable. Georgian minibus drivers are known for speeding and aggressive maneuvers – by driving yourself, you have control over the vehicle and can drive at a pace you’re comfortable with. No more nailbiting rides; you decide when to pull over for breaks, photos, or simply to stretch.

Finally, renting a car in Georgia is quite affordable compared to Western countries, making road trips accessible even for budget travelers. Fuel is reasonably priced, and the country is compact, so you won’t be driving extreme distances (it’s only about 5 hours end-to-end between Tbilisi and Batumi). In short, if you love adventure and independence, driving in Georgia is totally worth it for the incredible experiences you’ll unlock.

Road Conditions and Terrain in Georgia

Georgia’s terrain is famously diverse – and so are its roads. You’ll encounter everything from modern multi-lane highways to rugged dirt tracks on your travels. Knowing what to expect from urban roads, rural lanes, and mountain passes will help you choose the right vehicle and drive safely.

• Main Highways (Intercity Roads): The key routes connecting major cities (like Tbilisi, Batumi, Kutaisi, etc.) are in good condition. They are always paved asphalt and well-maintained. Keep in mind some of the “highways” in Georgia are still just two-way roads (one lane each direction) rather than full freeways. This means you might get stuck behind slow trucks and need patience when passing.
• City Roads (Urban Conditions): In big cities like Tbilisi and Batumi, roads are usually quite okay, but often congested. Tbilisi in particular has heavy traffic, especially during rush hour and in the city center. Expect stop-and-go traffic jams on main avenues (and creative driving by locals – more on that later). Some city streets are narrow, and in older parts of town you may find cobblestones. Potholes can appear after winter frosts, so keep an eye out. Road infrastructure is improving, but be ready for occasional rough patches or construction detours in the cities. Driving in cities requires defensive driving and patience with the traffic flow.
• Rural Roads: Secondary roads in the countryside vary widely. Many rural routes are narrow, sometimes without markings. It’s common to transition from asphalt to gravel or dirt unexpectedly as you head into smaller villages. Progress on rural roads tends to be slow – you might be averaging 40-60 km/h or less due to road quality and obstacles. During farming season, expect tractors and farm machinery on the road, and ALWAYS BE on the lookout for livestock (cows, sheep, goats) wandering onto the pavement. Cows are practically regular road users in Georgia’s countryside, often unfenced and unconcerned by traffic, so you’ll need to slow down and navigate around them carefully.
• Mountain Roads: Georgia’s mountain regions (such as Svaneti, Kazbegi, Tusheti, etc.) offer stunning drives but also present the biggest challenges. Mountain roads can be steep, with sharp hairpin turns and steep drop-offs without guardrails in places. Some mountain roads are well-paved (e.g. the road to Kazbegi/Stepantsminda via the Georgian Military Highway), but even these see heavy truck traffic that causes wear and tear. Other mountain routes are unpaved gravel or mud and require an AWD vehicle. For example, the road from Mestia to Ushguli in Svaneti, and the infamous Abano Pass road to Tusheti, are rough tracks unsuitable for regular cars. In fact, many rental companies prohibit driving on certain dangerous mountain roads with a standard rental car. You can see interactive map of our rental company policy on our FAQ page. Additionally, mountain weather can be unpredictable: rain can wash out sections of road or create landslides, and snow can close high passes in winter. Always research current road conditions before tackling a high mountain drive and feel free to drop us a message for an advice, we’re monitoring the road situation in the country, and will be glad to help you, even if you are not our client.
• Road Improvements and Closures: Be prepared for occasional road work. Georgia is continuously improving its infrastructure, which means you might encounter sections closed for repairs or under reconstruction. There are usually detours marked, but in rural areas these might be poorly signposted. If a major route is closed (e.g., due to a landslide or construction), navigation apps might not know the latest situation – it’s wise to ask fellow drivers. Seasonal closures are also common: for instance, certain high mountain roads close in winter due to snow, even the Military Highway to Russia can shut for days due to heavy snow.
• Scenic but Slow: Heavy truck traffic is an often overlooked aspect of Georgian roads. You’ll notice a lot of freight trucks especially on routes like the East-West highway and the Georgian Military Highway toward Russia. Georgia is a transit country between Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia, so big trucks use these roads and can slow things down. This heavy usage plus harsh winters means potholes and ruts can develop even on main roads. Keep a safe distance from trucks (they sometimes roll back a bit on steep inclines and can kick up stones on gravel sections). When driving through mountain tunnels or behind trucks on hills, use caution – many truck drivers will use low gears and you may have to overtake them on mountain passes, which is only safe on straight sections with clear visibility. Don’t try to overtake them on turns.

Bottom line: Georgia’s road conditions range from excellent to rough. Plan your route according to your vehicle’s capability – stick to main roads if you have a regular sedan, and only attempt remote mountain paths if you have a suitable AWD car. Always drive patiently. The varied terrain is part of the adventure of a Georgia road trip, and being prepared for those changes will help you enjoy the journey safely.

Traffic Rules and Road Signage in Georgia

Before hitting the road, it’s crucial to understand Georgia’s traffic rules and regulations. The good news is that Georgia follows international standards for road signs and basic rules of the road. In fact, Georgia is a party to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, meaning most traffic lights and road signs are the same as in Europe. However, there are a few local rules and quirks to be aware of that might differ from your home country.

• Driving Side: In Georgia, you drive on the right-hand side of the road. Most cars have the steering wheel on the left (as you’d expect), but you will notice a significant number of right-hand drive cars on the roads too. As a tourist, it’s recommended to rent a left-hand drive vehicle for better visibility when overtaking, since the country’s roads are designed for right-side driving.
• General Right-of-Way: At intersections without traffic lights, the rule is typically to give way to traffic coming from the left, similar to many European countries. However, one nuance is at roundabouts (circles): in Georgia, not all roundabouts are standardized with yield signs. Often, it’s observed that whoever enters the roundabout first has the right of way, which can be confusing if you’re used to always yielding to traffic already in the circle. Modern roundabouts in Tbilisi do have proper yield signs (meaning you yield to traffic in the roundabout), but in smaller towns you might encounter the “first come, first go” scenario. Approach roundabouts slowly and make eye contact with other drivers if possible. When in doubt, yield – Georgian drivers sometimes assume priority, so it’s safer to be cautious.
• Seat Belts and Child Safety: Seat belt use is mandatory for the driver and front seat passenger by law. It’s highly recommended that all passengers buckle up in the back as well, for safety (even if enforcement focuses on front seats). Georgia also has specific child safety rules: children under 7 years old must be secured in an appropriate child safety seat, and children under 12 are not allowed to sit in the front seat. If you’re traveling with kids, be sure to request a child car seat, which we provide for free with our cars. Fines for not wearing a seat belt are about 40 GEL (Georgian Lari), and it’s one of the more commonly enforced rules.
• Speed Limits: The default speed limits in Georgia are as follows: 60 km/h in built-up urban areas, 80 km/h on rural roads outside of towns, and 110 km/h on major highways, unless otherwise posted. Always look out for posted signs, as limits can drop to 30-40 km/h in certain dangerous bends or village centers. A peculiarity is that it’s not always obvious when you’ve entered or left a “built-up area” – usually a white sign with a town name indicates city limits (where the 60 km/h limit starts). Pay attention to those signs; when you see a white sign with a town name (meaning you’re entering) slow to 60, and when you see the same sign with a red slash (leaving town) you can resume 80+ km/h. Speed cameras are widespread on highways and city roads, with some of the measuring average speed on the road sections, so stick to the limits to avoid fines. Typically, exceeding the limit by more than 15 km/h will get you a 50 GEL fine, and by over 40 km/h a 150 GEL fine– these fines can be issued automatically by cameras.
• Driving Behavior Laws: Georgia has strict drunk driving laws – the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.03% BAC (essentially zero tolerance). In practice, it’s best not to drink any alcohol if you’ll be driving. Also note, passengers are not allowed to consume alcohol in a moving vehicle either (open container laws). Police do conduct random sobriety checkpoints, and penalties for DUI are severe, including heavy fines and license suspension.
• Overtaking rules: a dashed center line means you may overtake if safe, a solid line means no passing. You will find that some local drivers overtake even on solid lines or blind curves, which is dangerous and illegal. Do not follow that example – only overtake when you have clear visibility and no oncoming traffic. Be prepared for others to overtake recklessly though, and give them space.
• Unique Road Signs: One fun sign you’ll often see at the borders of towns is a rusted metal sign saying “Gilocavt! ბედნიერგზას! – Happy Journey!” (in Georgian and English). These are relics of the Soviet era and essentially just wish drivers a good trip as you depart a city – a charming touch, not a rule sign.
• Police and Enforcement: Police in Georgia actively enforce traffic rules via both cameras and patrols. Speed cameras are common on highways and even in cities (they look like small boxes on poles or overhead gantries). If you’re driving a rental car, any camera tickets will typically be forwarded to the rental agency, and you’ll be expected to pay them when you return the car. Police also do spot checks; it’s not unusual to see police by the roadside with speed guns or doing document checks. As a rule: obey the posted limits and laws and you shouldn’t have trouble.

Licensing Requirements for Tourists

If you’re visiting Georgia and plan to drive, you’ll need to have the proper driver’s license and passport. Fortunately, Georgia makes it relatively easy for tourists to drive legally, but there are some important details to know:

• Foreign Driver’s License: Tourists can use their home country driver’s license to drive in Georgia for up to one year from the date of entry. This is very generous (Georgia actually allows many nationalities to stay visa-free for up to a year, and similarly you can drive on your foreign license during that time). However, the license must be written in the Latin alphabet or Cyrillic to be directly accepted. This covers licenses from most Western countries (USA, Canada, EU, UK, etc.) and many others (UAE, India, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, etc). If your license is not in a script that Georgian police can read (for example, in Chinese, Arabic, Japanese, etc.), then you will need an International Driving Permit (IDP) or an official translation.
• International Driving Permit (IDP): An IDP is essentially a translation of your license into multiple languages, including Georgian. While an IDP isn’t mandatory for driving in Georgia if you have an English-language (or other Latin alphabet) license, it is recommended. Why? Because if you get into an incident or are stopped by police who are unsure about your license, the IDP provides clarity. Georgian police are generally familiar with common licenses (and many speak some English or Russian), but having that IDP can smooth communication.
• Passport and Entry Stamp: When driving, you should also carry your passport (or national ID, if applicable) that you used to enter Georgia. Technically, foreigners are required to have their identification on them. If stopped by police or at checkpoints, they may ask to see your passport along with your driver’s license. This proves that you are legally in the country and within that one-year tourist driving window. Keep your documents together in the car (but secure).
• Age Requirements: Legally, the driving age in Georgia is 18 years old. So if you’re 18 or above, you are allowed to drive under Georgian law. However, rental companies have their own age restrictions. Most car rental companies in Georgia, including us, require drivers to be at least 21 years old, and often with a minimum of 2 years of driving experience.
• Driving Experience: While not a formal requirement by law, it’s worth noting that driving in Georgia can be challenging for newly-licensed drivers. The mix of road conditions and driving styles means it’s beneficial if you have some solid driving experience under your belt. If you’ve only just gotten your license, exercise extra caution or consider if a road trip here is within your comfort zone. That said, plenty of tourists drive here without issue as long as they stay careful.

Car Rental Options in Georgia (and What to Expect)

Renting a car in Georgia is the gateway to your road trip freedom. The country offers a range of car rental options – from big international brands to small local agencies and everything in between. Renting from a local company can be a great way to save money – daily rates can be significantly lower than the big brands. Local operators range from well-established companies with large fleets to individual car owners listing their vehicles on platforms. Generally, local rentals provide very hospitable service – many will go the extra mile, like delivering the car to your hotel or the airport at no extra charge, and being available by phone for any issues. However, the quality can be a mixed bag. Some local outfits have older cars or less rigorous maintenance, so you’ll want to check reviews and ensure the company is reputable.

• Types of Rental Vehicles: When choosing a car, consider your route. If you plan to stick to cities and main highways, a 2WD sedan or hatchback will do just fine. If you’re venturing into mountainous areas or villages with unpaved roads, consider renting an SUV with an AWD for better clearance and traction. Automatic transmissions are widely available – most rental cars in Georgia are actually automatics, which is good news if you’re not comfortable with stick shift. If you do need a manual specifically, those exist too. Keep in mind the note from earlier: choose a car with left-hand drive (steering wheel on left) for safety. Nearly all rental cars available will be left-hand drive, but if you use a peer-to-peer rental platform, double-check just in case.
• Cost and Rental Terms: Prices can vary by season. In general, summer (June-September) is high season, so book early. As a ballpark, a small economy car might cost ≈$35 per day, a midsize SUV around ≈$60 per day, and a larger AWD or luxury vehicle ≈$70+ per day. Fuel policy is usually like-to-like or full-to-full (you return the car with the same fuel amount as you got at the start). Always confirm what fuel type the car takes (petrol vs diesel; a lot of AWDs are diesel).
• Deposit and Payment: It’s common for most companies to want a security deposit (maybe $200–$300 or equivalent in GEL) which is returned at the end if the car is fine. International firms will almost certainly take a credit card hold of a higher amount (could be $500-$1000). If you don’t have a credit card, many local companies, including us, will accept a cash deposit.
• Insurance Options: We’ll cover insurance in detail in the next section, but note here that all rental companies will offer insurance options or include basic insurance. Basic coverage is often included in the rate but with a deductible (your responsibility) amount. They will try to upsell additional insurance (CDW, Super CDW) to reduce your liability. Consider your needs and maybe factor this into the budget from the start so you’re not caught off guard. Also, some credit cards provide rental car insurance – check yours, and if you plan to use it, you might decline the rental’s insurance (but ensure your card’s coverage applies in Georgia and covers the vehicle type).
• Vehicle Condition: Georgian rental fleets can range from brand-new cars to rather older models (10+ years old). It’s not unusual for local rentals to have older vehicles compared to Western rental fleets. That’s okay as long as they’re well-maintained. When you pick up the car, inspect it thoroughly. We can’t stress this enough – do a walk-around, note any existing scratches or dents on the contract diagram, and take photos. Check that the lights, wipers, and signals are functioning. Look at the tire tread and ensure there’s a spare tire and jack. Especially check the tires if you plan on mountain driving, and see that they’re in good shape (and appropriate for the season, e.g. winter tires in winter). A reputable company will have already done technical checks, but it’s best to verify. If something concerns you (bald tire, etc.), ask for it to be addressed or for a different vehicle. As a neutral word of advice: some budget companies may not maintain cars to the highest standards, so the onus is on you to check the technical condition before driving off. This includes brakes, steering response, and undercarriage if you can see underneath. It’s all about starting your trip with a reliable car and not having the issues mid route.
• Amenities and Extras: If you need extras like a GPS unit, child car seat (which we provide for free), many companies can provide them (often for a small fee). That said, most travelers nowadays use a smartphone for GPS navigation, and as noted, offline maps apps like Maps.me or Google Maps (we suggest to use Yandex maps within big cities and Waze everywhere else) do fine, especially if you have CarPlay/AndroidAuto in your car – so you might not need a separate GPS device.
• Pick-up and Drop-off: Tbilisi is the most common place to rent a car (either at the airport or in town). You can arrange one-way rentals, say picking up in Tbilisi and dropping off in Batumi, but confirm with the company – most will allow it for an extra fee to cover their logistics. Our service, for example, can facilitate drop-offs in various cities.
• Renting from Individuals (peer-to-peer): There’s an informal market of locals renting out their personal cars, sometimes found on Facebook groups or other website. While you might snag a good price, be careful. Insurance in such cases might be dubious, and if anything happens, you could be in a tough spot. It’s generally better to go with a licensed company (or a reputable platform that vets its cars). Remember, a proper rental agreement is your safety net if something goes wrong.

OG DRIVE Car Rentals: Since you’re reading this on og.ge (our car rental website), we want to highlight what we offer. We at OG Drive are a local car rental service with a wide selection of vehicles, tourist-friendly policies and fast online booking the let's you check cars availability, view prices, and book it in just a few minutes. Our fleet includes everything from compact cars for city exploring to robust AWD SUVs perfect for mountain adventures. One advantage of choosing a local company like us is personalized service – for example, we offer a free delivery of your rental car to your hotel or the airport to make your arrival smooth, free comprehensive insurance and no limit on mileage of the car. We also pride ourselves on transparent pricing (no hidden fees) and well maintained vehicles. With us, you deal directly with a decision-maker, so we can make resolving any issues simpler and faster.

Rental Car Insurance in Georgia – Types and Tips

Understanding car insurance for your rental in Georgia is crucial for peace of mind. You want to know what coverage you have, what you might be liable for. Let’s break down how car rental insurance works in Georgia and what’s commonly offered:

• No Mandatory Third-Party Insurance for Locals: First, a quick context – Georgia, unlike most EU countries, does not have mandatory car insurance for private vehicles. This means many Georgian drivers on the road might be uninsured for liability (only 7% of drivers have TPL insurance as of 2025).  However, as a tourist renting a car, your rental car will almost certainly have basic insurance coverage, at least to cover third party damages. Reputable rental companies insure their fleet. Just be aware that if you’re in an accident and it’s the other local driver’s fault, that person may not have insurance, which can complicate things. In such cases, typically your rental’s collision coverage will have to cover the damage and then potentially pursue the other party. It’s one reason to drive extra defensively.
• CASCO: Usually, rentals include a CASCO or basic collision coverage that covers damage to the rental car itself. It could be with or without deductible. For example, the car might be insured but you’re responsible for the first $300 or $500 of any damage. This deductible amount varies by company and car class (in our company it's always 0$). It might be low for economy cars and higher for luxury vehicles. If the car gets scratched, you’d pay up to that deductible, and the insurance covers the rest. If no damage, you pay nothing. Check what the deductible is – it should be stated in the contract.
• Excluded Situations: Insurance coverage is always subject to terms. Common exclusions: if you drive off authorized roads (e.g., off-roading when you’re not supposed to, or on prohibited dangerous routes like Tusheti without permission), insurance will be void. Drunk driving or illegal behavior definitely voids it. Also, things like undercarriage damage, water damage (say you tried to cross a river and flooded the engine), using the wrong fuel type, tyres and windshield are usually not covered. So, use the car normally and don’t attempt crazy feats – that way your insurance remains valid.
• What to Do in Case of Accident: If you unfortunately get in an accident, Georgian law requires you to notify the police immediately and not move the car. Do call 112 and get a police report – this will be absolutely necessary for any insurance claim. Without an official accident report, insurance will not pay. Also, most insurance companies require for you to make a call and send some photos of the accident and your documents. So even for a fender-bender, it’s advisable to involve the police (they are used to it and it’s usually a straightforward process in tourist areas – they might even have English-speaking officers to assist). If it’s a minor scrape and no other party is involved, still take photos and inform the rental company – they’ll advise if police need to be called or not.
• Foreign Car Insurance: This is slightly aside from rentals, but if you are driving your own foreign-registered car into Georgia, you must purchase Georgian third-party insurance at the border. Georgia requires incoming foreign vehicles to have at least minimal liability insurance. There are insurance booths at border checkpoints – you can buy a policy on the spot (covering e.g. 15 days, 30 days, etc.) for a reasonable fee. Don’t skip this – driving in Georgia without it means you’ll personally pay for any damage you cause. For those renting a car in Georgia, this is not directly your concern (the rental company covers that), but we mention it for completeness.
• Checking Coverage Details: When you sign the rental contract, it will list what coverage the car has. If it’s in Georgian or Russian and you can’t read it, ask the agent to explain the insurance part. For example, it might say “deductible: 500 USD” or “CDW included, tires and glass not included”. Clarify any doubts.
• Insurance Scams or Not?: In Georgia, it’s rare to encounter outright rental scams, but you should still be vigilant. Because some cars are older, there might already be lots of scratches; make sure they’re noted so you’re not blamed. Reputable companies won’t scam you, especially if you have photos and a clear contract. If you do your due diligence choosing the company, you shouldn’t face issues.

Common Driving Challenges in Georgia

Driving in Georgia can be incredibly rewarding, but it also comes with its fair share of challenges. As a first-time driver here, being aware of these will help you stay safe and avoid surprises. Below we outline the most common driving challenges and how to handle them:

• Aggressive Driving & Unique Local Habits: Georgian drivers have a reputation for being bold and assertive on the road. You will likely witness driving behaviors that seem chaotic – like frequent lane changing, tailgating, and even overtaking on seemingly impossible blind curves. It’s not that every Georgian is a daredevil, but the general driving style is more aggressive than what you might be used to in Western countries. Don’t be shocked if someone passes you and three other cars at once on a mountain road – it happens. Also, the use of the horn is common (not always in anger; often it’s a quick beep to signal “I’m overtaking” or to warn a pedestrian). Another quirk: turn signals may not be used consistently. Some drivers just merge or turn without indicating. Expect it, and always be ready to react. City traffic, especially in Tbilisi, can feel like a swarm – drivers will push into tight gaps, and “right of way” is often a matter of who is more assertive. The best approach for a visitor is to drive defensively and predictably. Keep a good distance, use your signals even if others don’t, and let faster or impatient drivers go ahead – don’t engage in competition or try to copy locals. Adopting a defensive driving style is strongly recommended. Stay calm if someone cuts you off; road rage is not worth it, and Georgians themselves rarely engage in serious road rage (they may honk, but it usually ends there).
• Livestock and Animals on the Road: One of Georgia’s endearing but hazardous features is that farm animals roam free in many areas. It’s incredibly common to encounter cows standing or crossing the road in rural parts of Georgia – even on main highways in the countryside! You might also see flocks of sheep or goats being herded along. In mountain areas, pigs, horses, and even occasionally wildlife (deer, etc.) can appear. Always drive at a speed where you could safely stop if a cow is around the bend. At night, this becomes even more dangerous because animals are hard to see. If you do come across livestock on the road, slow down and give them a wide berth. Often a short honk can encourage cows to move, but don’t assume they will move fast – many have an attitude of “I own this road.” Sometimes you’ll have to slowly weave between stationary cows. It’s part of the Georgia driving charm. Also, watch out for dogs in villages (they sometimes chase cars or lie on warm asphalt). Hitting an animal is not just sad, it can cause significant damage to your car and you may be expected to compensate the owner. So, treat every blind corner as if a cow could be there.
• Potholes and Road Conditions: As mentioned earlier, potholes can be a major issue, especially after winter or on heavily trafficked truck routes. You might be driving on a smooth road and then suddenly encounter a series of deep potholes. Hitting one at speed can blow out a tire or break a rim. Keep your eyes on the road surface ahead and avoid holes if safe to do so. In cities, potholes tend to form in the outer lanes and less-maintained streets. In rural zones, entire sections of asphalt might be broken. Additionally, speed bumps in villages are common (and sometimes not well-marked). They often paint them yellow, but the paint may have worn off. Hitting an unmarked speed bump quickly is jarring.
• Mountain Driving Challenges: If you’re planning to go to the mountains regions, you could expect sharp turns, steep gradients, and narrow passes. Some mountain roads are essentially single-lane tracks on cliffs, so you must be cautious around every corner and be ready to brake if another vehicle comes head-on. Uphill traffic usually has right of way (since it’s harder to restart on a steep hill if you stop), but use common sense and any available pull-outs to let others pass safely. Engine braking is critical on long downhills – shift to a lower gear rather than riding your brakes to avoid overheating them. Weather can add to the challenge – fog is common in the mornings/evenings in mountainous regions, and rain can make dirt roads muddy and slippery. In the high Caucasus, falling rocks or landslides can occur after rain. Always check forecast and road advices when heading into the mountains.
• Navigation & Signage Gaps: Sometimes, road signs (like directions or warnings) might be missing or only in Georgian in remote areas. Navigation app might suggest a shortcut that is actually a terrible road – this is a common issue. A route might look shorter on the map but could be a bumpy 4x4 track. Stick to major roads unless you have reliable local info that a minor road is passable. If you find yourself uncertain, don’t hesitate to ask a local (or us) for directions (many Georgians will be helpful even if language is a barrier – some hand signals and the name of your destination might be enough). One particular challenge is that points of interest may not be signposted; for example, a tiny wooden sign for a famous monastery might be easy to miss. So keep your navigation app on and zoom in for turns, or do some street-view scouting ahead of time if possible.
• Night Driving: Driving after dark in Georgia presents extra challenges: many rural areas have no street lighting, making it hard to see pedestrians or livestock. Some cars (especially older ones) might have weak headlights or even drive without lights. Additionally, the reflective lane markings on roads are not always present, so judging the road path is tougher. If you must drive at night, do it only on well-known routes or highways, keep your speed down, and stay very alert. Watch for drunk pedestrians near villages (people walking home from supra feasts, etc.). Overall, limiting night driving, especially in mountains, is advised.

Parking and Driving in Georgian Cities (Tbilisi, Batumi, etc.)

Navigating Georgia’s cities by car introduces a new set of considerations – mainly traffic congestion and parking. Tbilisi, being the capital and largest city, presents the biggest challenges, but other cities like Batumi, Kutaisi, etc., have their own quirks. Here’s a guide to urban driving and parking:

• Traffic in Tbilisi: Tbilisi is a bustling city of over a million people, and its road network is often strained by the volume of cars. Expect heavy traffic in Tbilisi, particularly during weekday rush hours (roughly 8-10 AM and 6-8 PM) and on Friday and Saturday evenings in popular areas. Key choke points are along the main Rustaveli avenue, the Baratashvili bridge area, and pretty much any approach to the city center. It’s not unusual to be stuck in jams, keep in mind that patience is key. Use a navigation app with traffic data (Yandex Maps has decent traffic info in Tbilisi) to help find less congested routes if possible. Often, knowing the backstreets can save time, but as a visitor you might just have to deal with the slow crawl. The good news: Tbilisi isn’t huge, so even a traffic jam might delay you 15-30 minutes, not hours as in some megacities.
• Driving Style in Cities: As mentioned, drivers in Tbilisi can be aggressive. In dense traffic, you’ll see cars squeeze into tight gaps and assert the right of way even if it’s technically not theirs. Lanes are sometimes treated as fluid concepts – three lanes of cars might form where only two are marked. You have to drive a bit more assertively than you might be used to, otherwise you’ll never be able to merge or turn. That said, don’t be reckless – just know that using your horn sparingly and nudging forward confidently at intersections is expected. One common scenario: when a traffic light turns green, if you hesitate, the car behind will likely honk immediately (not necessarily out of anger, it’s just how it goes). Don’t take it personally. In roundabouts or uncontrolled intersections, locals often go by the “first come, first go” rule, so be alert. And watch for pedestrians; jaywalking is common in cities, though Tbilisi has crosswalks and underpasses. People will sometimes dart across busy roads.
• Bus Lanes and Restrictions: Tbilisi has implemented dedicated bus lanes on some main streets to improve public transport flow. These lanes are marked, often by yellow paint and “BUS lane” text. Only buses (and sometimes taxis) should use them. Do not drive in bus lanes – enforcement is active with cameras and fines (100 GEL fine for driving in a bus lane). It can be tempting if traffic is bad and the bus lane is open, but resist it; many have been ticketed. Also, note some central streets have turn restrictions (no left turn signs, etc.) – follow the rules or a camera might catch you.
• Parking in Tbilisi (Zone Parking System): Tbilisi introduced a zonal paid parking system in recent years to manage the limited space. These zones are indicated by signs with a tow truck symbol and a zone code (like “A123” etc.). If you park there during enforced hours, you must pay a fee. Typically, the rate is 1 GEL per hour. Payment is done via a smartphone app (“Tbilisi Parking” app) or at special kiosks/terminals in the city. Basically, you find the zone number on the sign near where you parked, enter that in the app and pay for however many hours you need. If you don’t pay, parking inspectors will issue a fine of 50 GEL which will be recorded by scanning your plate. As a foreigner with a rental car, any such fine would likely be passed to you by the rental company, so it’s best to avoid getting one. If the app isn’t feasible, you can pay at pay terminals (like those orange machines around the city, or bank kiosks), ask a local or your hotel concierge for help if needed. Alternatively, avoid parking in those zones altogether if you can. Not all of Tbilisi is paid parking. Many areas, especially outside the core, are still free curbside parking. Note: We’re happy to help with parking! Just send us a message once you’ve parked the car, and don’t forget to let us know when you’re heading out. Just a small reminder - we’re human too, so we could sleep during night hours.
• Parking Availability: Parking in Tbilisi can be tricky simply because of the number of cars. In older districts (like Old Town or Sololaki), streets are narrow and spots fill up fast. You might have to circle a bit to find a spot, or use a paid lot. Some areas have private paid parking lots or garages (for example, around Freedom Square there’s an underground garage). These can cost a few GEL per hour but might save hassle. If you dine at a restaurant or stay at a hotel, they might have or help find parking for you – don’t hesitate to ask locals for tips.
• ‘Parkovschiks’ are unofficial parking attendants who assist drivers in finding parking spots, particularly in congested areas of the city. Typically in reflective vests, they guide vehicles into tight spaces and may offer to "watch over" parked cars in exchange for a small, informal fee (1-5 GEL). While their services can be helpful, especially for visitors unfamiliar with local parking norms, it's important to note that they operate outside the official parking system and the tipping is volunteer.
• Parking Etiquette and Safety: In Tbilisi, you’ll often see cars parked half on the sidewalk. Technically, parking on sidewalks is illegal (and in those zone areas, you’d get fined or towed). But on quieter streets, locals do it if space is limited. As a foreign driver, try to follow the rules to avoid issues. If you park on a street, make sure you are not blocking any gate or driveway – even if it looks abandoned, the resident will get upset or call for a tow. Also, don’t park where there’s a yellow line or obvious no-parking sign (circle with X). The tow trucks in Tbilisi are active in clearing illegally parked cars in busy areas – they will tow you and you’ll pay a fine plus towing fee to retrieve the car. That can ruin a day of vacation quickly.
• Batumi: The seaside city of Batumi also has some paid parking zones (the city introduced an arrangement where you pay a flat daily or weekly rate via banks or an app). Many visitors, however, find parking in Batumi to be more relaxed – outside of peak summer, you can often find a street spot near where you go. During July-August when Batumi is very busy, parking near the beach boulevard can be challenging; you might have to park a few blocks inland. Batumi is smaller, and many hotels have parking for guests.
• Kutaisi: Kutaisi has recently implemented paid parking in central streets as well. But generally, traffic and parking in Kutaisi (and other mid-size cities like Telavi, Zugdidi, Gori) are much easier than Tbilisi. Just watch for local rules and any signage.
• Small Towns & Villages: Parking is usually just find a spot wherever. In tourist hotspots like Signagi or Mestia, the streets can fill up, but there’s usually overflow areas or you can park a short walk away. In these places, parking is free.
• Tourist Sites: Many popular tourist sites have parking lots or roadside parking areas – sometimes a local “attendant” will unofficially watch cars for a small fee. For example, at Prometheus Cave or Jvari Monastery, you might pay 2-5 GEL to park. Often, someone will wave you into a spot and then ask for a couple lari. It’s usually legit (they’re entrepreneurs, not official but tolerated). If the fee is small and it’s convenient, it’s fine to pay for the peace of mind and support a local. At some sites, parking is totally free and unmanaged.
• Driving Patterns in Cities: One more note on driving in cities – keep an eye out for one-way streets (Tbilisi has many one-ways in the center). GPS will usually handle this, but if you decide to detour, be careful not to accidentally go wrong way. Also, pedestrians sometimes cross on red lights or outside of crosswalks – be vigilant near bus stops and shopping areas. In Batumi, watch for many pedestrians on the boulevard area and bicycles. 

Roadside Assistance in Georgia

Knowing what to do if you need help are important aspects of a stress-free driving experience in Georgia. This section covers on how to handle emergencies or breakdowns.

• Roadside Assistance & Rental Support: Before you drive off with a rental car, ask the company what to do if the car breaks down or if you have an accident. Most will give you a contact number. There is no nationwide “roadside assistance”, so most rentals will send help or guide you. For example, if you get a flat tire, they might instruct you to put on the spare and drive to a certain service center. Or if the car is immobile, they might dispatch a mechanic or tow truck to you.
• Emergency Numbers: The universal emergency number in Georgia is 112. This works for police, ambulance, and fire – it’s like 911. The operators may speak English (especially in Tbilisi). So if you have an accident, witness a crash, or face any serious situation, 112 is the number to dial. If your phone doesn’t have a local SIM, it should still connect to 112 (emergency calls are allowed on any network).
• Car Breakdown Tips: If your car breaks down (mechanical issue, won’t start, etc.) on the road, try to pull off to a safe spot, turn on your hazard lights. Then call your rental agency’s support line. If you have no cell signal, you may need to flag down passing cars for help - and Georgians will usually help. As noted by experienced travelers, Georgia is full of skilled mechanics, though finding them on the spot is tricky. In rural areas, locals might tinker with cars a lot (the joke is Georgians can fix anything with a hammer and tape, at least to get you going). If someone helps you fix a minor issue, offering them some payment for their time or at least a big thank you is good form.
• Punctures and Tires: Flat tires are one of the most common car troubles on Georgia’s potholed roads. Make sure you have a spare tire that’s inflated and a jack. If you get a flat, you can either change it yourself (if you know how) or limp slowly to the next vulcanizatsia -which is the Russian word commonly used for tire repair shops. These are everywhere, even in small villages. Look for signs that say “ვულკანიზაცია” or a pile of tires - some gas stations also do tire repairs. A simple puncture fix usually costs just a few GEL (like 10-20 GEL, under $7). It’s quick too. If you damage the tire badly, you might have to buy a new/used one; again, tire shops are common.
• Getting Unstuck: If you venture onto a muddy or sandy track and get stuck, local villagers are often ready to help pull you out (with a tractor or 4x4). You might have to pay a small “thank you” for their time or at least accept their hospitality afterwards. If you’re really remote, carrying a tow strap is not a bad idea (just ask from the rental company). Also in winter, if you slide off the road, definitely call for help rather than risk anything.
• Car Electronics: Occasionally, a rental might have a quirk like a warning light on the dash (for example, it’s common to see the “check engine” light on older cars due to removed catalytic converters – not necessarily a critical issue). If you see a warning light, you can contact the rental company to check. If it’s oil or temperature, definitely stop and check (small things like oil might need topping up if on a long trip – rentals should be fine, but just in case, it’s good to glance at gauges). At OG Drive we keep our cars in impeccable conditions, so no warning lights or any mechanical issues.
• Mechanics: If you need a mechanic, cities have many “auto service” garages – your rental agency can direct you to one they trust. If you’re on your own, ask your hotel or a local for the nearest good mechanic (“auto service” is understood, or say “mekanikos” which will get you close enough). Mechanics are generally affordable compared to the West. They might not all speak English, but car issues are universal language to some extent. Finding a decent workshop is key - look for busy ones with modern tools if possible.
• Towing: If you need a tow and the rental company isn’t arranging it, (we will :) ) you can call a local tow service (in Tbilisi, there are several; in Georgian “evakuator” is tow truck). One of the most popular one, Juba, they operate in all major cities. Their phone number is +995 322 700 000. Police can also assist in calling a tow if needed. Standard fees will apply (which you’d likely have to pay and then see if insurance covers). But in most cases, the rental firm should handle if it’s a major breakdown.

Seasonal Driving Considerations (Summer vs. Winter)

Georgia is a country of four distinct seasons, and your driving experience will vary greatly depending on when you visit. From sweltering summers to snow-packed winters, it’s important to prepare for seasonal conditions on the road. Here’s what to consider for driving in Georgia in different seasons:

• Driving in Summer (June to August): Summer is high season for tourism in Georgia. The weather is generally warm to very hot, especially in the lowlands and cities. Tbilisi and Kakheti can see temperatures above 35°C (95°F) in July/August. Car Prep: Ensure your car’s air conditioning is working - a hot summer day stuck in traffic without A/C is miserable. Also, carry water in the car. Overheating can be an issue if you’re climbing long mountain roads in extreme heat; keep an eye on the temperature gauge on steep ascents and turn off A/C if the engine is struggling. Road Conditions: Summer is also construction season; you may encounter more road works as crews take advantage of good weather to fix roads. Tourist Traffic: Places like Batumi and the Kakheti wine region get lots of visitors, so expect heavy traffic on weekends (e.g., Tbilisi to Batumi on summer Fridays can be congested). Plan accordingly or choose off-peak travel times. One big advantage of summer: long daylight hours - it stays light until 9pm or later in June, giving you plenty of time to drive in daylight and enjoy views. Still, plan to avoid driving at night when possible.
• Driving in Autumn (September to November): Early autumn (Sept, early Oct) is glorious for driving – mild weather, golden foliage, and still long enough days. It’s one of the best times for a road trip. By late October and November, however, higher elevations (above ~1500m) can start seeing snowfall and ice. For instance, places like Gudauri or Kazbegi might get first snows in late October. So if you’re traveling in late fall, you need to be prepared for possible winter-like conditions in the mountains. Roads can also get wet and leaf-strewn, which can be slippery. Shorter days mean you should factor in less driving time unless you’re okay with dark. The plus side: autumn rains help tamp down the dust on dirt roads, but they can also create mud. Landslide risk can occasionally rise in fall if heavy rains come.
• Driving in Winter (December to February): Winter transforms Georgia, especially in the Caucasus mountains, into a snowy wonderland. But it also poses the greatest driving challenges. Snow and Ice: Many parts of Georgia get snow - certainly the mountains but even Tbilisi occasionally gets light snow. Western Georgia (like Batumi) is milder, more rain than snow at sea level. Mountain Passes: Key mountain roads like the Georgian Military Highway to Kazbegi often have snow. The road is kept open by snowplows except in extreme weather, but black ice, packed snow, and limited visibility are issues. Some roads are closed in winter entirely - notably the road to Tusheti (closed roughly Oct through May due to heavy snow and avalanche risk). The route from Mestia to Ushguli in Svaneti is effectively impassable in deep winter as well. If you plan to ski or go to high regions, you must have a capable vehicle.
• Winter Tires: It is highly advisable (and officially reqired by Georgian authorities) to use winter tires in winter months. Winter tires have better grip on cold pavement and snow. Many rental companies will equip their cars with winter tires around November through March - but double-check. If a rental in winter lacks winter tires, request them; if they can’t provide, consider another company, because it’s that important for safety. All-wheel-drive vehicles are great, but AWD on summer tires is still risky on ice.
• Snow Chains: If you plan to drive into snowy areas (e.g., going to Gudauri ski resort, Bakuriani, Mestia, etc.), carry snow chains. They can be literal lifesavers if you hit a sudden snowstorm or need to traverse an icy incline. Some mountain roads might have police checkpoints that require chains when conditions are bad. Practice once how to put them on, so you’re not struggling for the first time in a blizzard on a mountain roadside. As mentioned in a travel guide, a good set of lightweight easy-fit chains can be very effective. If your rental company doesn’t provide them, you can buy them in Tbilisi (auto shops) or possibly rent them. A small folding shovel is also not a bad idea to keep if you’re doing serious winter driving (to dig out of snow if needed).
• Road Maintenance: Main roads are generally plowed and salted, especially around cities and major highways. But secondary roads may not be cleared promptly. After heavy snow, be prepared for delays. For example, the road to Kazbegi might close for a day or two until they clear avalanche-prone areas. Listen to local news or ask locals about road conditions ahead.
• Visibility: Winter also brings conditions like fog (especially in river valleys or after snow when it warms up) and shorter daylight (dark by 5-6pm in deep winter). Plan your travel time such that you’re ideally driving between 8am and 5pm. Night combined with ice is not a good combo.
• Cold Start: If you’re in a very cold area (say Bakuriani at -15°C overnight), cars can be harder to start in the morning. Ensure the rental’s battery is strong. You might want to park facing out for an easy jump-start if needed. Usually it’s fine, but something to consider if extreme cold.
• Driving in Spring (March to May): Early spring can be tricky – March is often still wintery in many areas. By April, lowlands bloom and weather improves, but spring is the rainiest season in much of Georgia. Rain can cause muddy roads and even floods or landslides when snow is melting. For example, roads in Adjara (southwest) or Racha (mountainous region) can suffer washouts in heavy spring rain. Always check if a road is open if you hear of extreme weather. The upside is that by late spring (May), everything is green and gorgeous, and most roads are clear of snow except the highest passes. One hazard in spring on mountain roads is rockfall - as the freeze-thaw cycle loosens rocks, you might see stones on the road. Drive carefully along cliff-sides and avoid parking under rocky slopes. Also, potholes are at their worst at end of winter – crews usually fix many by summer, but in spring you’ll find the most potholes from winter damage.
• Seasonal Driving Etiquette: In winter, locals might assume foreigners aren’t used to snow, so don’t be pressured if someone tailgates you on a snowy road - let them pass when safe, you do you at your safe speed. In summer, watch out for more pedestrians, bikes, and even farm tractors on the move (summer harvest times). Each season has its rhythms: e.g., in autumn you might encounter herders moving flocks from mountain pastures down to valleys - entire flocks of sheep taking over the road is possible.
• Festivals & Holidays: Not exactly weather, but note that around certain holidays (like New Year’s, Easter, etc.), traffic can spike with people traveling. And in winter holiday times (late Dec, early Jan), even if roads are fine, you might find more checkpoints or traffic around ski areas.

Border Crossings and Taking Your Car Outside Georgia

Given Georgia’s location at the crossroads of the Caucasus, you might be contemplating a multi-country road trip - for example, driving from Georgia to Armenia or Azerbaijan, or even Turkey. Alternatively, you might be driving your own vehicle into Georgia from a neighboring country. Here’s what you need to know about border crossings and taking cars across Georgia’s frontiers:

• General Border Crossing Process (with a vehicle): When you approach a land border by car, typically you will first go through the exit formalities of the country you’re leaving, then enter the Georgian side’s checkpoint. At Georgia’s control, you’ll line up in the vehicle lane appropriate (cars, trucks separate). As a tourist in a normal car, your queue is usually shorter than the cargo truck lines (you often get to bypass the long truck queues). Border officers are usually polite and used to tourists. They may ask your destination and check your passport and visa (if required - most nationalities don’t need a visa for Georgia for short stays). For the car, they will likely ask for the vehicle registration and if it’s a rental, the rental documents proving you have permission to take it across (more on that below). They might do a customs check of the vehicle - usually a quick peek in the trunk and back seat. It’s generally pretty easy and “relatively stress-free” to enter Georgia. Do be patient if there’s a queue; going early morning or late at night can sometimes beat the rush. After clearing, you’ll get waved through and you’re officially in Georgia (or vice versa if exiting).
• Taking a Georgian Rental Car to Neighboring Countries: This requires advance planning. Not many rental companies allow their cars to leave Georgia. We, at OG Drive, unfortunately can’t help you with this request. If other companies do, it often involves getting a notarized power of attorney letter from the owner of the car (the rental company) authorizing you to take it abroad. This can cost around 300 GEL and take a couple of weeks to arrange. For many short-term visitors, this hassle and cost isn’t worth it. If you absolutely want to drive into Armenia or Azerbaijan with a rental, you must coordinate with the rental company well in advance. If you show up and ask last minute, likely it won’t be possible. 
• Armenia: It is possible to drive from Georgia to Armenia in a rental if paperwork is sorted. The Georgia-Armenia border has a couple of crossings; one recommended tip is to use the Ninotsminda (Georgia) – Bavra (Armenia) crossing as it’s quieter than the main Sadakhlo-Bagratashen crossing. Once in Armenia, you are required to buy local car insurance at their border (just like foreigners in Georgia). This is easy – they have offices right at the border and it’s not expensive. Armenian roads vary, some are in worse shape than Georgian ones, keep that in mind.
• Azerbaijan: Under normal conditions (pre-2020), you could drive a Georgian rental to Azerbaijan with permission. However, note that as of early 2025, Azerbaijan’s land borders were closed to foreign travelers. This was a holdover from pandemic restrictions or regional issues. It’s worth checking current status. If open, similar rules: you’d get permission letter, and buy Azerbaijan insurance at the border. But if the borders remain closed or restricted, you simply can’t drive in for now. Always verify the latest travel advisories.
• Turkey: Most Georgian rental companies do NOT allow taking the car into Turkey. Even if you tried, Turkey has stricter rules and you would need that notarized permission (translated likely). There’s also the complication that if you have a Georgian-registered car in Turkey, you as a foreigner might face temporary import rules. It’s usually not practical. If you plan to combine Georgia and Turkey, a better idea is to drop your Georgian rental at Batumi or Sarpi (border) and then rent a Turkish car in Hopa or Trabzon, etc. The land border at Sarpi is busy but doable – you can cross on foot and pick up another car on the other side if arranged.
• Russia: Driving a Georgian rental into Russia is not possible. Georgia and Russia have no diplomatic relations and the only open land border (at Upper Lars/Stepantsminda) has restrictions. A rental car likely wouldn’t get permission, and also insurance issues abound. Also, Georgia strictly forbids entry into Abkhazia or South Ossetia from the Georgian side, and a rental definitely cannot go there (and you shouldn’t try as it can lead to being banned from Georgia or worse). In short, rule out Russia or the breakaway regions entirely with a Georgian car.
• Alternatives to Taking Rental Across Borders: Many travelers find it easier to rent separate cars in each country. For example, do your Georgia road trip, return the car, then take a train or driver to Armenia and pick up a rental there for an Armenia trip. Or hire a driver for cross-border transfer (there are affordable taxi services between Tbilisi and Yerevan, etc.).
• If Driving Your Own Car: If you are on an overland trip with your personal vehicle (with foreign plates), entering Georgia is straightforward – you’ll fill out a customs entry form for the car, and as mentioned before, you must purchase Georgian car insurance at the border (unless your insurer covers Georgia, but since Georgia isn’t in the EU’s Green Card system currently, you need a separate policy). The insurance booths are right after you pass passport control on Georgia side, and it’s usually around 30-40 GEL for 15 days coverage (price depends on car type and duration). Keep the insurance certificate; you may need to show it if stopped. The vehicle entry stamp they put in your passport or a slip allows you to keep the car in Georgia for a limited time (usually up to 90 days or more - they’ll specify). If you overstay with the car, you could face import fees, so don’t do that. When leaving Georgia, the procedure is similar - you clear Georgian customs for the car (they’ll check that you didn’t leave/sell it in Georgia and are indeed taking it out).
• Time and Queues: Some borders get heavy traffic. The Lars (Georgia-Russia) border often has kilometers of truck queues, but as a car you can usually bypass that line (drive carefully past the trucks) to reach the car crossing lane. The Azerbaijan crossings used to be busy preclosure too. Turkey’s Sarpi border near Batumi can be very busy on summer weekends. Arriving at off-peak hours (e.g. very early morning, or mid-week vs weekend) can save time. Expect that the whole crossing process might take anywhere from 20 minutes (on a great day) to 2 hours (if it’s jammed).
• Cross-Border Rental Car Issues: If you do take a rental out of Georgia, remember you will need to return it to Georgia as per contract. If you have any problems in the other country, you’ll have to rely on local services. Georgian insurance likely will not cover accidents that happen abroad, unless they explicitly extend coverage (ask about this!). You might have to buy additional coverage for that country. It’s another complication – one reason many avoid it.

Local Driving Etiquette and Tips for First-Time Visitors

Driving in a foreign country is not just about rules and roads – it’s also about understanding the local driving culture and etiquette. Georgia’s roads have their own rhythm. Here are some additional tips and cultural insights to help you drive like a local (or at least understand them) and have a smoother experience as a first-time driver in Georgia:

• Use of Horn: In Georgia, the car horn is a multi-purpose tool. It’s used more liberally than in some countries, but not always out of anger. A quick double-beep can mean “I’m here, watch out” when approaching a blind turn or passing through a narrow street. A longer honk might be used if someone is really not paying attention or at risk of causing an accident. You’ll also hear celebratory honks (wedding motorcades often honk away) or late-night car enthusiasts doing unnecessary honking (it happens). As a visitor, don’t take honks personally. If someone honks behind you when a light turns green, it’s a nudge - just go when safe. It’s generally not an invitation to a confrontation, just a part of the soundscape. That said, try not to overuse your horn in rural areas or at odd hours; noise pollution isn’t great for residents. Use it when needed to signal but avoid blaring unnecessarily.
• Flashing Lights: If an oncoming car flashes their high beams at you, they might be warning you of something ahead - often a police speed trap or an accident. Georgian drivers do this as a courtesy. Or it could mean your lights are off or you forgot to dim your high beams. So if flashed, check your situation and be alert.
• Thank You Signals: Local custom when someone lets you merge or pass: often the driver will flash emergency blinkers briefly or wave a hand to say thank you. You can do the same – a quick wave of the hand is universally friendly.
• Pedestrian Relations: In smaller towns, pedestrians often assume drivers will slow down for them even if they aren’t at a crosswalk. Be courteous – slow or stop to let people cross whenever safe. They often give a little wave or nod in thanks. In cities, pedestrians are more cautious because of traffic, but legally, at zebra crossings without lights, pedestrians have the right of way (though they also know not all drivers stop). As a visitor, you can set a good example by stopping for people at crosswalks. Just be careful that the car behind you is also stopping – check your mirror.
• Driving in Villages: When you drive through villages, slow down. Besides animals and kids, note that villagers sometimes use the road to walk or even dry harvest (you might see grain spread on a quiet road!). It’s polite to go slowly so you don’t stir up dust or scare livestock. If locals wave at you, feel free to wave back. Georgians in the countryside are very hospitable – you might even get gestures inviting you for tea or chacha (vodka). Obviously, don’t drink if you’re driving, but don’t be surprised by warm waves or curiosity.
• Overtaking Etiquette: On mountain roads, if a faster car comes up behind you, it’s polite to find a safe spot to let them pass. You can signal by right indicator or pulling slightly right when possible to show them they can overtake. Conversely, if you are the faster driver, be patient if you can’t pass immediately. Sometimes local trucks or marshrutkas will actually wave you by when they think it’s clear (watch their turn signals – in some places a left indicator by the vehicle in front can mean “do not pass now” because something’s coming, while a right indicator can mean “it’s clear, you can pass”). Use caution interpreting these signals, but locals often coordinate overtaking with signals.
• Roadside Markets & Vendors: Often along highways, especially approaching towns, you’ll see roadside stands selling fruits, churchkhela (candied nuts), honey, etc. If you want to stop and buy something, signal and pull off fully. Try not to do abrupt stops. When rejoining the highway, accelerate on the shoulder to match speed before merging. Supporting local vendors is great (and you get delicious snacks), just do it safely.
• Fuel Attendants and People Interaction: Fuel station attendants usually appreciate if you greet them (a simple “gamarjoba” – hello – or a nod and smile). Even if you don’t speak Georgian, politeness is appreciated. Same with any interaction – Georgians are big on hospitality and being friendly. If you attempt a few Georgian words like “madloba” (thank you), it delights people.
• Keep Your Car Clean-ish: There’s a saying that Georgians love their cars. You will see a lot of car wash stations (called “ავტო სავალი” or just “carwash”). A dusty car won’t offend anyone, but some drivers keep theirs shiny. If you’re returning a rental, some rental companies would require you to clean a car (not us). More practically, if you’ve been off-roading, cleaning headlights, plates, and windows is good to ensure visibility and avoid fines (driving with mud-obscured plates is not allowed).
• Music and Noise: If you love blasting music while driving, note that rolling through a quiet village or nature area with loud music can be seen as disrespectful. Best to keep volumes reasonable in populated or serene areas. Save the party for when you’re parked or in a more private setting.
• Respect Sacred Sites: If you drive up to a church or monastery (often on hills), dress modestly if you plan to go in (women might need a headscarf, no shorts, etc.). Parking at such sites is usually straightforward, but don’t block the entrance. Sometimes a priest or nun might even come bless your car (it’s happened to people at certain monasteries – kind of a sweet gesture, they sprinkle holy water). Accept it graciously if offered.
• Negotiating City Traffic: In Tbilisi’s city traffic, you sometimes have to gently assert yourself to change lanes or turn. Use your indicator and start to merge; often another driver will let you in, especially if you make eye contact and nod. A quick wave of thanks goes a long way. During gridlocks, people can get testy but generally not aggressively confrontational. If someone does something irritating, shrug it off. Tourists have noted that while Georgian driving looks aggressive, drivers don’t usually exhibit road rage at people – it’s more like collective impatience.
• Parking Guards: In some parking lots or street areas, you might encounter an unofficial “parking guardian” – a guy who sort of watches cars and may help you park. He might expect a tip (a lari or two). It’s up to you; if he actively helped you squeeze in, a small tip is a nice gesture. If he’s just loitering, you’re not obliged.
• Car Maintenance Checks: This is more a tip than etiquette: before any long drive, quickly check your car’s condition - tires look okay, no leaks under car, lights working, etc. Especially if you’ve been driving for days, a periodic check prevents issues. Also, refuel before you’re nearly empty - not just because of availability, but to avoid sucking any sediment from bottom of tank into the engine (a risk in older cars with low fuel).
• Enjoying the Ride: Lastly, remember to enjoy the experience. Georgian roads can throw surprises at you, but they also offer incredible views and interactions. Don’t be in such a rush that you miss out. If someone waves you down by the road, they might be asking for a lift (hitchhiking is somewhat common among locals getting between villages). As a traveler, only pick up people if you feel comfortable – Georgians are generally very trustworthy and it can be a cultural exchange opportunity, but it’s not expected that you do. Use your judgment.
• Drinking & Driving Etiquette: We covered DUI laws, but culturally, Georgians love to toast with wine at supra feasts. As a guest, you might be offered lots of alcohol. It’s absolutely fine to politely decline or just take tiny sips, explaining you are driving. They will respect that – safety is understood. Do not let them insist; be firm that you cannot drink and drive.
• Emergency Vehicles: If you hear a siren, locals will try to get out of the way. You should too – pull over as much as possible to let police or ambulance through. Even in traffic jams, cars often part to create a lane in the middle for emergency vehicles (a common practice, quite organized actually). 

By now, you should have a thorough understanding of what it takes to drive in Georgia. From the freedom it offers to the responsibilities it entails, being behind the wheel here is an experience like no other. Georgia’s stunning landscapes, warm people, and hidden treasures await you at every turn of the road. So pack your spirit of adventure, arm yourself with this knowledge, and hit the Georgian highways!

Before you set off, make sure you’ve checked your vehicle (especially if renting – remember to inspect the car’s condition as we advised), have all your documents, and are well-rested. If you need a reliable car rental with full support, consider browsing our fleet and FAQs on our site. We’re here to help make your self-drive journey memorable and safe.

Happy driving in Georgia! Or as the road sign says, “ბედნიერგზას!” – Have a happy journey!